Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). This virus can cause serious liver damage and, in some cases, lead to chronic conditions such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Causes of Hepatitis B Transmission:
- Contact with infected blood: Sharing needles, blades, and other contaminated sharp objects, blood transfusions with infected blood, and tattooing or piercing with unsterilized instruments.
- Unprotected sexual intercourse: With an infected individual.
- From mother to baby: During pregnancy or childbirth.
- Contact with bodily fluids of an infected person: Such as saliva, sweat, and tears (though this method of transmission is less common).
Symptoms of Hepatitis B:
Many individuals with acute hepatitis B may not show any symptoms. In some people, symptoms may appear weeks to months after infection and can include:
- Fatigue
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Abdominal pain
- Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
- Dark urine
- Pale stool
- Joint pain
Complications of Hepatitis B:
- Chronic Hepatitis B: If the body cannot clear the virus, the infection becomes chronic.
- Liver Cirrhosis: Long-term damage to the liver can lead to cirrhosis.
- Liver Cancer: Individuals with chronic hepatitis B are at higher risk of developing liver cancer.
- Liver Failure: In severe cases, hepatitis B can lead to liver failure.
Diagnosis of Hepatitis B:
- Blood tests to detect the presence of Hepatitis B viral antigens.
- Other tests to assess liver function.
Treatment of Hepatitis B:
- Acute Hepatitis B: Often resolves on its own.
- Chronic Hepatitis B: Medications are prescribed to control the virus and prevent disease progression.
- Liver transplantation in severe cases.
Prevention of Hepatitis B:
- Vaccination: The Hepatitis B vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection.
- Use of protective methods: During sexual intercourse.
- Avoiding sharing personal items: Such as toothbrushes, razors, and needles.
- Practicing good personal hygiene.
Note: The information provided in this text is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice. For diagnosis and treatment of Hepatitis B, be sure to consult a doctor.